Compressor Washing

Why Wash Compressors?

When gas turbine engines are run, they become fouled with airborne contaminants such as oil, soot, unburned fuel, soils and salt which encrust compressor components. Power loss follows as the compressor loses efficiency and degrades the performance of the engine, leading to higher operating temperatures, increased fuel consumption and shorter component life.

Some engines are more prone to fouling than others – low flying over land or sea, or operating in contaminated air, have led to helicopter engines and industrial engines traditionally needing cleaning – but nowadays it is recognised that all engines foul to some extent; for example, oil leakage and subsequent fouling can happen on any engine type. Contamination can also be caused by ingestion of exhaust gases from other aircraft during prolonged waits for takeoff clearance.

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Lockheed’s SkunkWorks

The following are from Kelly Johnson of Lockheed’s SkunkWorks:

  1. The Skunk Works manager must be delegated practically complete control of his program in all aspects. They should report to a division president or higher.
  2. Strong but small project offices must be provided both by the military and industry.
  3. The number of people having any connection with the project must be restricted in an almost vicious manner. Use a small number of good people (10% to 25% compared to the so-called normal systems).
  4. A very simple drawing and drawing release system with great flexibility for making changes must be provided. Read More →

Acronyms


AGL means above ground level.

ALS means approach light system.

ASR means airport surveillance radar.

ATC means air traffic control.

CAS means calibrated airspeed

CAT II means Category II.

CONSOL or CONSOLAN means a kind of low or medium frequency long range navigational aid.

DH means decision height.

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Bruhn Table of Contents

Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures (Bruhn)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Al The Work of the Aerospace Structures Engineer.
STATICALLY DETERMINATE STRUCTURES
(Loads, Reactions, Stresses, Shears, Bending Moments, Deflections)
A2 —- Equilibrium of Force Systems. Truss Structures. Externally Braced Wings. Landing Gear.
A3 —- Properties of Sections – Centroids, Moments of Inertia, etc.
A4 —- General Loads on Aircraft.
A5 —- Beams – Shear and Moments. Beam – Column Moments.
A6 —- Torsion – Stresses and Deflections.
A7 —- Deflections of Structures. Castigliano’s Theorem. Virtual Work. Matrix Methods.

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